Foliar application of graphene oxide, Fe, and Zn on Artemisia dracunculus L. under salinity

Salinity is an abiotic stressor that greatly influences crop growth and yield. Scientists are always exploring diverse methods to combat salinity depression. Here, we conducted a greenhouse experiment study the effects of NaCl (0, 50, 100 mM) under foliar spray with zinc-oxide, nano iron-chelate, magnetized-Fe, graphene-oxide on tarragon. The results revealed treatment graphene showed highest K+/Na+. 50 mM × all applications increased superoxide dismutase activity, whereas raised malondialdehyde content its level. All levels Zn improved catalase activity. exposed Zn-treated plants attained contents essential oils. Proline total phenolics greatest amounts NaCl, respectively. GC/MS analysis 38 compounds in oil Artemisia dracunculus L. as estragole (81-91.8 %) was most dominant constituent. were found at sprayed ZnO. Cis-Ocimene (0.1-6.4 another major constituent high variation between treatments. cis-ocimene recorded Fe-chelated treatment. Overall, adversely affected physiological responses tarragon; however, both forms Fe partially ameliorated adverse effects.